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如何在 Debian 中配置 Tripewire IDS

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安裝和配置

tripwire 在 Debian VM 中的安裝如下。

# apt-get install tripwire

installation

安裝中，tripwire 會有下面的配置提示。

站點密鑰創建

tripwire 需要一個站點口令（site passphrase）來加密 tripwire 的配置文件 tw.cfg 和策略文件 tw.pol。tripewire 使用指定的密碼加密兩個文件。一個 tripewire 實例必須指定站點口令。

site key1

本地密鑰口令

本地口令用來保護 tripwire 資料庫和報告文件。本地密鑰用於阻止非授權的 tripewire 資料庫修改。

local key1

tripwire 配置路徑

tripewire 配置存儲在 /etc/tripwire/twcfg.txt。它用於生成加密的配置文件 tw.cfg。

configuration file

tripwire 策略路徑

tripwire 在 /etc/tripwire/twpol.txt 中保存策略文件。它用於生成加密的策略文件 tw.pol。

tripwire policy

安裝完成後如下圖所示。

installed tripewire1

tripwire 配置文件 (twcfg.txt)

tripewire 配置文件（twcfg.txt）細節如下圖所示。加密策略文件（tw.pol）、站點密鑰（site.key）和本地密鑰（hostname-local.key）在後面展示。

ROOT         =/usr/sbin

POLFILE       =/etc/tripwire/tw.pol

DBFILE       =/var/lib/tripwire/$(HOSTNAME).twd

REPORTFILE   =/var/lib/tripwire/report/$(HOSTNAME)-$(DATE).twr

SITEKEYFILE   =/etc/tripwire/site.key

LOCALKEYFILE =/etc/tripwire/$(HOSTNAME)-local.key

EDITOR       =/usr/bin/editor

LATEPROMPTING =false

LOOSEDIRECTORYCHECKING =false

MAILNOVIOLATIONS =true

EMAILREPORTLEVEL =3

REPORTLEVEL   =3

SYSLOGREPORTING =true

MAILMETHOD   =SMTP

SMTPHOST     =localhost

SMTPPORT     =25

TEMPDIRECTORY =/tmp

tripwire 策略配置

在生成基礎資料庫之前先配置 tripwire 配置。有必要經用一些策略如 /dev、 /proc 、/root/mail 等。詳細的 twpol.txt 策略文件如下所示。

@@section GLOBAL
TWBIN = /usr/sbin;
TWETC = /etc/tripwire;
TWVAR = /var/lib/tripwire;

#
# File System Definitions
#
@@section FS

#
# First, some variables to make configuration easier
#
SEC_CRIT      = $(IgnoreNone)-SHa ; # Critical files that cannot change

SEC_BIN       = $(ReadOnly) ;        # Binaries that should not change

SEC_CONFIG    = $(Dynamic) ;         # Config files that are changed
# infrequently but accessed
# often

SEC_LOG       = $(Growing) ;         # Files that grow, but that
# should never change ownership

SEC_INVARIANT = +tpug ;              # Directories that should never
# change permission or ownership

SIG_LOW       = 33 ;                 # Non-critical files that are of
# minimal security impact

SIG_MED       = 66 ;                 # Non-critical files that are of
# significant security impact

SIG_HI        = 100 ;                # Critical files that are
# significant points of
# vulnerability

#
# tripwire Binaries
#
(
rulename = "tripwire Binaries",
severity = $(SIG_HI)
)
{
$(TWBIN)/siggen            -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
$(TWBIN)/tripwire        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
$(TWBIN)/twadmin        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
$(TWBIN)/twprint        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
}
{
/boot            -> $(SEC_CRIT) ;
/lib/modules        -> $(SEC_CRIT) ;
}

(
rulename = "Boot Scripts",
severity = $(SIG_HI)
)
{
/etc/init.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
#/etc/rc.boot        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rcS.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc0.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc1.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc2.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc3.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc4.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc5.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/etc/rc6.d        -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
}

(
rulename = "Root file-system executables",
severity = $(SIG_HI)
)
{
/bin            -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
/sbin            -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
}

#
# Critical Libraries
#
(
rulename = "Root file-system libraries",
severity = $(SIG_HI)
)
{
/lib            -> $(SEC_BIN) ;
}

#
# Login and Privilege Raising Programs
#
(
rulename = "Security Control",
severity = $(SIG_MED)
)
{
/etc/passwd        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
/etc/shadow        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
}
{
#/var/lock        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/var/run        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ; # daemon PIDs
/var/log        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
}

# These files change the behavior of the root account
(
rulename = "Root config files",
severity = 100
)
{
/root                -> $(SEC_CRIT) ; # Catch all additions to /root
#/root/mail            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/Mail            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
/root/.xsession-errors        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.xauth            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.tcshrc            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.sawfish            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.pinerc            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.mc            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.gnome_private        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.gnome-desktop        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.gnome            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.esd_auth            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#    /root/.elm            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.cshrc                -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.bashrc            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.bash_profile        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#    /root/.bash_logout        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.bash_history        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.amandahosts        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.addressbook.lu        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.addressbook        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.Xresources        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
#/root/.Xauthority        -> $(SEC_CONFIG) -i ; # Changes Inode number on login
/root/.ICEauthority            -> $(SEC_CONFIG) ;
}

#
# Critical devices
#
(
rulename = "Devices & Kernel information",
severity = $(SIG_HI),
)
{
#/dev        -> $(Device) ;
#/proc        -> $(Device) ;
}

tripwire 報告

tripwire-check 命令檢查 twpol.txt 文件並基於此文件生成 tripwire 報告如下。如果 twpol.txt 中有任何錯誤，tripwire 不會生成報告。

tripwire report

文本形式報告

root@VMdebian:/home/labadmin# tripwire --check

Parsing policy file: /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

*** Processing Unix File System ***

Performing integrity check...

Wrote report file: /var/lib/tripwire/report/VMdebian-20151024-122322.twr

Open Source tripwire(R) 2.4.2.2 Integrity Check Report

Report generated by:         root

Report created on:           Sat Oct 24 12:23:22 2015

Database last updated on:     Never

Report Summary:

=========================================================

Host name:                   VMdebian

Host IP address:             127.0.1.1

Host ID:                     None

Policy file used:             /etc/tripwire/tw.pol

Configuration file used:     /etc/tripwire/tw.cfg

Database file used:           /var/lib/tripwire/VMdebian.twd

Command line used:           tripwire --check

=========================================================

Rule Summary:

=========================================================

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section: Unix File System

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule Name                       Severity Level   Added   Removed Modified

---------                       --------------   -----   ------- -----
Other binaries                 66               0       0       0      

tripwire Binaries               100               0       0       0      

Other libraries                 66               0       0       0      

Root file-system executables   100               0       0       0      

tripwire Data Files             100               0       0       0      

System boot changes             100               0       0       0      

(/var/log)

Root file-system libraries     100               0       0       0      

(/lib)

Critical system boot files     100               0       0       0      

Other configuration files       66               0       0       0      

(/etc)

Boot Scripts                   100               0       0       0      

Security Control               66               0       0       0      

Root config files               100               0       0       0      

Invariant Directories           66               0       0       0      

Total objects scanned: 25943

Total violations found: 0

=========================Object Summary:================================

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Section: Unix File System

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
No violations.

===========================Error Report:=====================================

No Errors

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
*** End of report ***

Open Source tripwire 2.4 Portions copyright 2000 tripwire, Inc. tripwire is a registered

trademark of tripwire, Inc. This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;

for details use --version. This is free software which may be redistributed

or modified only under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.

All rights reserved.

Integrity check complete.

總結

本篇中，我們學習安裝配置開源入侵檢測軟體 tripwire。首先生成基礎資料庫並通過比較檢測出任何改動（文件/文件夾）。然而，tripwire 並不是實時監測的 IDS。

via: http://linoxide.com/security/configure-tripwire-ids-debian/

作者：nido 譯者：geekpi 校對：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原創編譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出

本文轉載來自 Linux 中國: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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