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Mercurial 版本控制入門

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Mercurial 是一個用 Python 編寫的分散式版本控制系統。因為它是用高級語言編寫的，所以你可以用 Python 函數編寫一個 Mercurial 擴展。

在官方文檔中說明了幾種安裝 Mercurial 的方法。我最喜歡的一種方法不在裡面：使用 pip。這是開發本地擴展的最合適方式！

目前，Mercurial 僅支持 Python 2.7，因此你需要創建一個 Python 2.7 虛擬環境：

python2 -m virtualenv mercurial-env
./mercurial-env/bin/pip install mercurial

為了讓命令簡短一些，以及滿足人們對化學幽默的渴望，該命令稱之為 hg。

$ source mercurial-env/bin/activate
(mercurial-env)$ mkdir test-dir
(mercurial-env)$ cd test-dir
(mercurial-env)$ hg init
(mercurial-env)$ hg status
(mercurial-env)$

由於還沒有任何文件，因此狀態為空。添加幾個文件：

(mercurial-env)$ echo 1 > one
(mercurial-env)$ echo 2 > two
(mercurial-env)$ hg status
? one
? two
(mercurial-env)$ hg addremove
adding one
adding two
(mercurial-env)$ hg commit -m 'Adding stuff'
(mercurial-env)$ hg log
changeset: 0:1f1befb5d1e9
tag: tip
user: Moshe Zadka <[moshez@zadka.club][4]>
date: Fri Mar 29 12:42:43 2019 -0700
summary: Adding stuff

addremove 命令很有用：它將任何未被忽略的新文件添加到託管文件列表中，並移除任何已刪除的文件。

如我所說，Mercurial 擴展用 Python 寫成，它們只是常規的 Python 模塊。

這是一個簡短的 Mercurial 擴展示例：

from mercurial import registrar
from mercurial.i18n import _

cmdtable = {}
command = registrar.command(cmdtable)

@command(&apos;say-hello&apos;,
[(&apos;w&apos;, &apos;whom&apos;, &apos;&apos;, _(&apos;Whom to greet&apos;))])
def say_hello(ui, repo, `opts):
ui.write("hello ", opts[&apos;whom&apos;], "n")

簡單的測試方法是將它手動加入虛擬環境中的文件中：

`$ vi ../mercurial-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/hello_ext.py`

然後你需要啟用擴展。你可以僅在當前倉庫中啟用它：

$ cat >> .hg/hgrc
[extensions]
hello_ext =

現在，問候有了：

(mercurial-env)$ hg say-hello --whom world
hello world

大多數擴展會做更多有用的東西，甚至可能與 Mercurial 有關。 repo 對象是 mercurial.hg.repository 的對象。

有關 Mercurial API 的更多信息，請參閱官方文檔。並訪問官方倉庫獲取更多示例和靈感。

via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/getting-started-mercurial

作者：Moshe Zadka 選題：lujun9972 譯者：geekpi 校對：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原創編譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出

本文轉載來自 Linux 中國: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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