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PowerTOP：在 Linux 上監視電量使用和改善筆記本電池壽命

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我們都知道，現在幾乎都從 PC 機換到了筆記本電腦了。但是使用筆記本有個問題，我們希望電池耐用，我們可以使用到每一點電量。所以，我們需要知道電量都去哪裡了，是不是浪費了。

你可以使用 PowerTOP 工具來查看沒有接入電源線時電量都用在了何處。你需要在終端中使用超級用戶許可權來運行 PowerTOP 工具。它可以訪問該電池硬體並測量電量使用情況。

什麼是 PowerTOP

PowerTOP 是一個 Linux 工具，用於診斷電量消耗和電源管理的問題。

它是由 Intel 開發的，可以在內核、用戶空間和硬體中啟用各種節電模式。

除了作為一個一個診斷工具之外，PowerTop 還有一個交互模式，可以讓你實驗 Linux 發行版沒有啟用的各種電源管理設置。

它也能監控進程，並展示其中哪個正在使用 CPU，以及從休眠狀態頁將其喚醒，也可以找出電量消耗特別高的應用程序。

如何安裝 PowerTOP

PowerTOP 軟體包在大多數發行版的軟體庫中可用，使用發行版的 包管理器 安裝即可。

對於 Fedora 系統，使用 dnf 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo dnf install powertop

對於 Debian/Ubuntu 系統，使用 apt-get 命令 或 apt 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo apt install powertop

對於基於 Arch Linux 的系統，使用 pacman 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo pacman -S powertop

對於 RHEL/CentOS 系統，使用 yum 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo yum install powertop

對於 openSUSE Leap 系統，使用 zypper 命令 來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo zypper install powertop

如何使用 PowerTOP

PowerTOP 需要超級用戶許可權，所以在 Linux 系統中以 root 身份運行 PowerTOP 工具。

默認情況下其顯示 「概覽」 頁，在這裡我們可以看到所有設備的電量消耗情況，也可以看到系統的喚醒秒數。

$ sudo powertop

PowerTOP v2.9     Overview   Idle stats   Frequency stats   Device stats   Tunables                                     

The battery reports a discharge rate of 12.6 W
The power consumed was 259 J
The estimated remaining time is 1 hours, 52 minutes

Summary: 1692.9 wakeups/second,  0.0 GPU ops/seconds, 0.0 VFS ops/sec and 54.9% CPU use

                Usage       Events/s    Category       Description
              9.3 ms/s     529.4        Timer          tick_sched_timer
            378.5 ms/s     139.8        Process        [PID 2991] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              7.5 ms/s     141.7        Timer          hrtimer_wakeup
              3.3 ms/s     102.7        Process        [PID 1527] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window
             11.6 ms/s      69.1        Process        [PID 1568] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 1 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 0001,
              6.2 ms/s      59.0        Process        [PID 1496] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window
              2.1 ms/s      59.6        Process        [PID 2466] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              1.8 ms/s      52.3        Process        [PID 2052] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              1.8 ms/s      50.8        Process        [PID 3034] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              3.6 ms/s      48.4        Process        [PID 3009] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              7.5 ms/s      46.2        Process        [PID 2996] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
             25.2 ms/s      33.6        Process        [PID 1528] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window
              5.7 ms/s      32.2        Interrupt      [7] sched(softirq)
              2.1 ms/s      32.2        Process        [PID 1811] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
             19.7 ms/s      25.0        Process        [PID 1794] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              1.9 ms/s      31.5        Process        [PID 1596] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 1 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 0001,
              3.1 ms/s      29.9        Process        [PID 1535] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window
              7.1 ms/s      28.2        Process        [PID 1488] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window
              1.8 ms/s      29.5        Process        [PID 1762] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              8.8 ms/s      23.3        Process        [PID 1121] /usr/bin/gnome-shell
              1.2 ms/s      21.8        Process        [PID 1657] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 920 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 000
             13.3 ms/s      13.9        Process        [PID 1746] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00
              2.7 ms/s      11.1        Process        [PID 3410] /usr/lib/gnome-terminal-server
              3.8 ms/s      10.8        Process        [PID 1057] /usr/lib/Xorg vt2 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -nolisten tcp -background none -noreset -keeptty
              3.1 ms/s       9.8        Process        [PID 1629] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 920 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 000
              0.9 ms/s       6.7        Interrupt      [136] xhci_hcd
            278.0 us/s       6.4        Process        [PID 414] [irq/141-iwlwifi]
            128.7 us/s       5.7        Process        [PID 1] /sbin/init
            118.5 us/s       5.2        Process        [PID 10] [rcu_preempt]
             49.0 us/s       4.7        Interrupt      [0] HI_SOFTIRQ
            459.3 us/s       3.1        Interrupt      [142] i915
              2.1 ms/s       2.3        Process        [PID 3451] powertop
              8.4 us/s       2.7        kWork          intel_atomic_helper_free_state_
              1.2 ms/s       1.8        kWork          intel_atomic_commit_work
            374.2 us/s       2.1        Interrupt      [9] acpi
             42.1 us/s       1.8        kWork          intel_atomic_cleanup_work
              3.5 ms/s      0.25        kWork          delayed_fput
            238.0 us/s       1.5        Process        [PID 907] /usr/lib/upowerd
             17.7 us/s       1.5        Timer          intel_uncore_fw_release_timer
             26.4 us/s       1.4        Process        [PID 576] [i915/signal:0]
             19.8 us/s       1.3        Timer          watchdog_timer_fn
              1.1 ms/s      0.00        Process        [PID 206] [kworker/7:2]
              2.4 ms/s      0.00        Interrupt      [1] timer(softirq)
             13.4 us/s       0.9        Process        [PID 9] [ksoftirqd/0]

 Exit |  /  Navigate |

PowerTOP 的輸出類似如上截屏，在你的機器上由於硬體不同會稍有不同。它的顯示有很多頁，你可以使用 Tab 和 Shift+Tab 在它們之間切換。

空閑狀態頁

它會顯示處理器的各種信息。

PowerTOP v2.9     Overview   Idle stats   Frequency stats   Device stats   Tunables                                     

          Package   |             Core    |            CPU 0       CPU 4
                    |                     | C0 active   6.7%        7.2%
                    |                     | POLL        0.0%    0.1 ms  0.0%    0.1 ms
                    |                     | C1E         1.2%    0.2 ms  1.6%    0.3 ms
C2 (pc2)    7.5%    |                     |
C3 (pc3)   25.2%    | C3 (cc3)    0.7%    | C3          0.5%    0.2 ms  0.6%    0.1 ms
C6 (pc6)    0.0%    | C6 (cc6)    7.1%    | C6          6.6%    0.5 ms  6.3%    0.5 ms
C7 (pc7)    0.0%    | C7 (cc7)   59.8%    | C7s         0.0%    0.0 ms  0.0%    0.0 ms
C8 (pc8)    0.0%    |                     | C8         33.9%    1.6 ms 32.3%    1.5 ms
C9 (pc9)    0.0%    |                     | C9          2.1%    3.4 ms  0.7%    2.8 ms
C10 (pc10)  0.0%    |                     | C10        39.5%    4.7 ms 41.4%    4.7 ms

                    |             Core    |            CPU 1       CPU 5
                    |                     | C0 active   8.3%        7.2%
                    |                     | POLL        0.0%    0.0 ms  0.0%    0.1 ms
                    |                     | C1E         1.3%    0.2 ms  1.4%    0.3 ms
                    |                     |
                    | C3 (cc3)    0.5%    | C3          0.5%    0.2 ms  0.4%    0.2 ms
                    | C6 (cc6)    6.0%    | C6          5.3%    0.5 ms  4.7%    0.5 ms
                    | C7 (cc7)   59.3%    | C7s         0.0%    0.8 ms  0.0%    1.0 ms
                    |                     | C8         27.2%    1.5 ms 23.8%    1.4 ms
                    |                     | C9          1.6%    3.0 ms  0.5%    3.0 ms
                    |                     | C10        44.5%    4.7 ms 52.2%    4.6 ms

                    |             Core    |            CPU 2       CPU 6
                    |                     | C0 active  11.2%        8.4%
                    |                     | POLL        0.0%    0.0 ms  0.0%    0.0 ms
                    |                     | C1E         1.4%    0.4 ms  1.3%    0.3 ms
                    |                     |
                    | C3 (cc3)    0.3%    | C3          0.2%    0.1 ms  0.4%    0.2 ms
                    | C6 (cc6)    4.0%    | C6          3.7%    0.5 ms  4.3%    0.5 ms
                    | C7 (cc7)   54.2%    | C7s         0.0%    0.0 ms  0.0%    1.0 ms
                    |                     | C8         20.0%    1.5 ms 20.7%    1.4 ms
                    |                     | C9          1.0%    3.4 ms  0.4%    3.8 ms
                    |                     | C10        48.8%    4.6 ms 52.3%    5.0 ms

                    |             Core    |            CPU 3       CPU 7
                    |                     | C0 active   8.8%        8.1%
                    |                     | POLL        0.0%    0.1 ms  0.0%    0.0 ms
                    |                     | C1E         1.2%    0.2 ms  1.2%    0.2 ms
                    |                     |
                    | C3 (cc3)    0.6%    | C3          0.6%    0.2 ms  0.4%    0.2 ms
                    | C6 (cc6)    7.0%    | C6          7.5%    0.5 ms  4.4%    0.5 ms
                    | C7 (cc7)   56.8%    | C7s         0.0%    0.0 ms  0.0%    0.9 ms
                    |                     | C8         29.4%    1.4 ms 23.8%    1.4 ms
                    |                     | C9          1.1%    2.7 ms  0.7%    3.9 ms
                    |                     | C10        41.0%    4.0 ms 50.0%    4.8 ms

 Exit |  /  Navigate |

頻率狀態頁

它會顯示 CPU 的主頻。

PowerTOP v2.9     Overview   Idle stats   Frequency stats   Device stats   Tunables                                     

            Package |             Core    |            CPU 0       CPU 4
                    |                     | Average      930 MHz    1101 MHz
Idle                | Idle                | Idle

                    |             Core    |            CPU 1       CPU 5
                    |                     | Average     1063 MHz     979 MHz
                    | Idle                | Idle

                    |             Core    |            CPU 2       CPU 6
                    |                     | Average      976 MHz     942 MHz
                    | Idle                | Idle

                    |             Core    |            CPU 3       CPU 7
                    |                     | Average      924 MHz     957 MHz
                    | Idle                | Idle

設備狀態頁

它僅針對設備顯示其電量使用信息。

PowerTOP v2.9     Overview   Idle stats   Frequency stats   Device stats   Tunables                                     

The battery reports a discharge rate of 13.8 W
The power consumed was 280 J

              Usage     Device name
             46.7%        CPU misc
             46.7%        DRAM
             46.7%        CPU core
             19.0%        Display backlight
              0.0%        Audio codec hwC0D0: Realtek
              0.0%        USB device: Lenovo EasyCamera (160709000341)
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530
            100.0%        Radio device: iwlwifi
            100.0%        PCI Device: O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
            100.0%        USB device: Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]
            100.0%        Radio device: btusb
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4
            100.0%        USB device: xHCI Host Controller
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
            100.0%        PCI Device: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3
            100.0%        PCI Device: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9
            100.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus
             26.1 pkts/s  Network interface: wlp8s0 (iwlwifi)
              0.0%        USB device: usb-device-8087-0a2b
              0.0%        runtime-reg-dummy
              0.0%        Audio codec hwC0D2: Intel
              0.0 pkts/s  Network interface: enp9s0 (r8168)
              0.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller
              0.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
              0.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16)
              0.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
              0.0%        PCI Device: NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]
              0.0%        I2C Adapter (i2c-8): nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005
              0.0%        runtime-PNP0C14:00
              0.0%        PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller
              0.0%        runtime-PNP0C0C:00
              0.0%        USB device: xHCI Host Controller
              0.0%        runtime-ACPI000C:00
              0.0%        runtime-regulatory.0
              0.0%        runtime-PNP0C14:01
              0.0%        runtime-vesa-framebuffer.0
              0.0%        runtime-coretemp.0
              0.0%        runtime-alarmtimer

 Exit |  /  Navigate |

可調整狀態頁

這個頁面是個重要區域，可以為你的筆記本電池優化提供建議。

PowerTOP v2.9     Overview   Idle stats   Frequency stats   Device stats   Tunables                                     

>> Bad           Enable SATA link power management for host2                                                            
   Bad           Enable SATA link power management for host3
   Bad           Enable SATA link power management for host0
   Bad           Enable SATA link power management for host1
   Bad           VM writeback timeout
   Bad           Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100 [1-2]
   Good          Bluetooth device interface status
   Good          Enable Audio codec power management
   Good          NMI watchdog should be turned off
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-7 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0002)
   Good          Autosuspend for unknown USB device 1-11 (8087:0a2b)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-3 (i915 gmbus dpd)
   Good          Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo EasyCamera [160709000341]
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-1 (i915 gmbus dpc)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-12 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0009)
   Good          Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb1]
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-13 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000a)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-2 (i915 gmbus dpb)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-8 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-15 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000c)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-16 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000d)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-5 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0000)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-0 (SMBus I801 adapter at 6040)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-11 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0008)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-14 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000b)
   Good          Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb2]
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-9 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0006)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-10 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0007)
   Good          Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-6 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0001)
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Wireless 8260
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16)
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus
   Good          Runtime PM for PCI Device NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]

  Exit |  Toggle tunable |  Window refresh

如何生成 PowerTop 的 HTML 報告

運行如下命令生成 PowerTop 的 HTML 報告。

$ sudo powertop --html=powertop.html
modprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 100 prior measurements
Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop
File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only
RAPL device for cpu 0
RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f
RAPL device for cpu 0
RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f
Devfreq not enabled
glob returned GLOB_ABORTED
Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop
File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only
Preparing to take measurements
To show power estimates do 182 measurement(s) connected to battery only
Taking 1 measurement(s) for a duration of 20 second(s) each.
PowerTOP outputing using base filename powertop.html

打開 file:///home/daygeek/powertop.html 文件以訪問生成的 PowerTOP 的 HTML 報告。

自動調整模式

這個功能可以將所有可調整選項從 BAD 設置為 GOOD，這可以提升 Linux 中的筆記本電池壽命。

$ sudo powertop --auto-tune
modprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 210 prior measurements
Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop
File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only
RAPL device for cpu 0
RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f
RAPL device for cpu 0
RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f
Devfreq not enabled
glob returned GLOB_ABORTED
Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop
File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only
To show power estimates do 72 measurement(s) connected to battery only
Leaving PowerTOP

via: https://www.2daygeek.com/powertop-monitors-laptop-battery-usage-linux/

作者：Vinoth Kumar 選題：lujun9972 譯者：wxy 校對：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原創編譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出

本文轉載來自 Linux 中國: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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