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LXD 2.0 系列（十）：LXD 和 Juju

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介紹

Juju 是 Canonical 的服務建模和部署工具。 它支持非常廣泛的雲服務提供商，使您能夠輕鬆地在任何雲上部署任何您想要的服務。

此外，Juju 2.0 還支持 LXD，既適用於本地部署，也適合開發，並且可以在雲實例或物理機上共同協作。

本篇文章將關注本地使用，通過一個沒有任何Juju經驗的LXD用戶來體驗。

要求

本篇文章假設你已經安裝了 LXD 2.0 並且配置完畢（看前面的文章），並且是在 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 上運行的。

設置 Juju

第一件事是在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安裝 Juju 2.0。這個很簡單：

stgraber@dakara:~$ sudo apt install juju
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree 
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
 juju-2.0
Suggested packages:
 juju-core
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 juju juju-2.0
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 39.7 MB of archives.
After this operation, 269 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju-2.0 amd64 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [39.6 MB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 juju all 2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1 [9,556 B]
Fetched 39.7 MB in 0s (53.4 MB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package juju-2.0.
(Reading database ... 255132 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../juju-2.0_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package juju.
Preparing to unpack .../juju_2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up juju-2.0 (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...
Setting up juju (2.0~beta7-0ubuntu1.16.04.1) ...

安裝完成後，我們可以使用 LXD 啟動一個新的「控制器」。這意味著 Juju 不會修改你主機上的任何東西，它會在 LXD 容器中安裝它的管理服務。

現在我們創建一個「test」控制器：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju bootstrap localhost test
Creating Juju controller "local.test" on localhost/localhost
Bootstrapping model "admin"
Starting new instance for initial controller
Launching instance
 - juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0
Installing Juju agent on bootstrap instance
Preparing for Juju GUI 2.1.2 release installation
Waiting for address
Attempting to connect to 10.178.150.72:22
Logging to /var/log/cloud-init-output.log on remote host
Running apt-get update
Running apt-get upgrade
Installing package: curl
Installing package: cpu-checker
Installing package: bridge-utils
Installing package: cloud-utils
Installing package: cloud-image-utils
Installing package: tmux
Fetching tools: curl -sSfw &apos;tools from %{url_effective} downloaded: HTTP %{http_code}; time %{time_total}s; size %{size_download} bytes; speed %{speed_download} bytes/s &apos; --retry 10 -o $bin/tools.tar.gz <[https://streams.canonical.com/juju/tools/agent/2.0-beta7/juju-2.0-beta7-xenial-amd64.tgz]>
Bootstrapping Juju machine agent
Starting Juju machine agent (jujud-machine-0)
Bootstrap agent installed
Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
Waiting for API to become available: upgrade in progress (upgrade in progress)
Bootstrap complete, local.test now available.

這會花費一點時間，這時你可以看到一個正在運行的一個新的 LXD 容器：

stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
|                         NAME                        |  STATE  |          IPV4        | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

在 Juju 這邊，你可以確認它是有響應的，並且還沒有服務運行：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
[Services] 
NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 

[Units] 
ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 

[Machines] 
ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ

你也可以在瀏覽器中訪問 Juju 的 GUI 界面：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju gui
Opening the Juju GUI in your browser.
If it does not open, open this URL:
https://10.178.150.72:17070/gui/97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b/

Juju web UI

不過我更傾向使用命令行，因此我會在接下來使用。

部署一個 minecraft 服務

讓我們先來一個簡單的，部署在一個容器中使用一個 Juju 單元的服務。

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:trusty/minecraft
Added charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" to the model.
Deploying charm "cs:trusty/minecraft-3" with the charm series "trusty".

命令返回會很快，然而這不意味著服務已經啟動並運行了。你應該使用 juju status 來查看：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
[Services] 
NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
minecraft maintenance false cs:trusty/minecraft-3 

[Units] 
ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
minecraft/1 maintenance executing 2.0-beta7 1 10.178.150.74 (install) Installing java 

[Machines] 
ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ 
1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty

我們可以看到它正在忙於在剛剛創建的 LXD 容器中安裝 java。

stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
|                         NAME                        |  STATE  |          IPV4        | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.74 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

過一會之後，如我們所見服務就部署完畢了：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
[Services] 
NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
minecraft active false cs:trusty/minecraft-3 

[Units] 
ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
minecraft/1 active idle 2.0-beta7 1 25565/tcp 10.178.150.74 Ready 

[Machines] 
ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ 
1 started 10.178.150.74 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-1 trusty

這時你就可以啟動你的 Minecraft 客戶端了，將其指向 10.178.150.74，埠是 25565。現在可以在新的 minecraft 伺服器上玩了！

當你不再需要它，只需運行：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-service minecraft

只要等待幾秒就好了。

部署一個更複雜的 web 應用

Juju 的主要工作是建模複雜的服務，並以可擴展的方式部署它們。

為了更好地展示，讓我們部署一個 Juju 「組合」。 這個組合是由網站，API，資料庫，靜態 Web 伺服器和反向代理組成的基本 Web 服務。

所以這將擴展到 4 個互聯的 LXD 容器。

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju deploy cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box
added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1
service api deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
annotations set for service api
added charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3
service mongodb deployed (charm cs:trusty/mongodb-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
annotations set for service mongodb
added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4
service nginx deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
annotations set for service nginx
added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3
service nginx-proxy deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
annotations set for service nginx-proxy
added charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3
service website deployed (charm cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3 with the series "trusty" defined by the bundle)
annotations set for service website
related mongodb:database and api:mongodb
related website:nginx-engine and nginx:web-engine
related api:website and nginx-proxy:website
related nginx-proxy:website and website:website
added api/0 unit to new machine
added mongodb/0 unit to new machine
added nginx/0 unit to new machine
added nginx-proxy/0 unit to new machine
deployment of bundle "cs:~charmers/bundle/web-infrastructure-in-a-box-10" completed

幾秒後，你會看到 LXD 容器在運行了：

stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
|                         NAME                        |  STATE  |           IPV4        | IPV6 |    TYPE    | SNAPSHOTS |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-745d1be3-e93d-41a2-80d4-fbe8714230dd-machine-0 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.72 (eth0)  |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.98 (eth0)  |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.29 (eth0)  |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.202 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+
| juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 | RUNNING | 10.178.150.214 (eth0) |      | PERSISTENT | 0         |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------+------+------------+-----------+

幾分鐘後，所有的服務應該部署完畢並運行了：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju status
[Services] 
NAME STATUS EXPOSED CHARM 
api unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/node-app-1 
mongodb unknown false cs:trusty/mongodb-3 
nginx unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-4 
nginx-proxy unknown false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/nginx-proxy-3 
website false cs:~hp-discover/trusty/website-3 

[Relations] 
SERVICE1 SERVICE2 RELATION TYPE 
api mongodb database regular 
api nginx-proxy website regular 
mongodb mongodb replica-set peer 
nginx website nginx-engine subordinate 
nginx-proxy website website regular 

[Units] 
ID WORKLOAD-STATUS JUJU-STATUS VERSION MACHINE PORTS PUBLIC-ADDRESS MESSAGE 
api/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 2 8000/tcp 10.178.150.98 
mongodb/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 3 27017/tcp,27019/tcp,27021/tcp,28017/tcp 10.178.150.29 
nginx-proxy/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 5 80/tcp 10.178.150.214 
nginx/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 4 10.178.150.202 
 website/0 unknown idle 2.0-beta7 10.178.150.202 

[Machines] 
ID STATE DNS INS-ID SERIES AZ 
2 started 10.178.150.98 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-2 trusty 
3 started 10.178.150.29 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-3 trusty 
4 started 10.178.150.202 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-4 trusty 
5 started 10.178.150.214 juju-97fa390d-96ad-44df-8b59-e15fdcfc636b-machine-5 trusty

這時你就可以在 80 埠訪問 http://10.178.150.214，並且會看到一個 Juju 學院頁面。

Juju Academy web service

清理所有東西

如果你不需要 Juju 創建的容器並且不在乎下次需要再次啟動，最簡單的方法是：

stgraber@dakara:~$ juju destroy-controller test --destroy-all-models
WARNING! This command will destroy the "local.test" controller.
This includes all machines, services, data and other resources.

Continue [y/N]? y
Destroying controller
Waiting for hosted model resources to be reclaimed
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines, 5 services
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
Waiting on 1 model, 4 machines
Waiting on 1 model, 2 machines
Waiting on 1 model
Waiting on 1 model
All hosted models reclaimed, cleaning up controller machines

我們用下面的方式確認：

stgraber@dakara:~$ lxc list juju-
+------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+
| NAME | STATE | IPV4 | IPV6 | TYPE | SNAPSHOTS |
+------+-------+------+------+------+-----------+

總結

Juju 2.0 內置的 LXD 支持使得可以用一種非常乾淨的方式來測試各種服務。

在 Juju charm store 中有很多預製的「組合」可以用來部署，甚至可以用多個「charm」來組合你想要的架構。

Juju 與 LXD 是一個完美的解決方案，從一個小的 Web 服務到大規模的基礎設施都可以簡單開發，這些都在你自己的機器上，並且不會在你的系統上造成混亂！

額外信息

Juju 網站： http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/juju

Juju charm store ： https://jujucharms.com

LXD 的主站在： https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd

LXD 的 GitHub 倉庫： https://github.com/lxc/lxd

LXD 的郵件列表： https://lists.linuxcontainers.org

LXD 的 IRC 頻道： #lxcontainers on irc.freenode.net

如果你不想或者不能在你的機器上安裝 LXD ，你可以在 web 上試試在線版的 LXD。

作者簡介：我是 Stéphane Graber。我是 LXC 和 LXD 項目的領導者，目前在加拿大魁北克蒙特利爾的家所在的Canonical 有限公司擔任 LXD 的技術主管。

via: https://www.stgraber.org/2016/06/06/lxd-2-0-lxd-and-juju-1012/

作者：Stéphane Graber 譯者：geekpi 校對：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原創編譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出

本文轉載來自 Linux 中國: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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