如何在 CentOS 中添加、啟用和禁用一個倉庫
在基於 RPM 的系統上,例如 RHEL、CentOS 等,我們中的許多人使用 yum 包管理器來管理軟體的安裝、刪除、更新、搜索等。
Linux 發行版的大部分軟體都來自發行版官方倉庫。官方倉庫包含大量免費和開源的應用和軟體。它很容易安裝和使用。
由於一些限制和專有問題,基於 RPM 的發行版在其官方倉庫中沒有提供某些包。另外,出於穩定性考慮,它不會提供最新版本的核心包。
為了克服這種情況,我們需要安裝或啟用需要的第三方倉庫。對於基於 RPM 的系統,有許多第三方倉庫可用,但所建議使用的倉庫很少,因為這些不會替換大量的基礎包。
建議閱讀:
這可以在基於 RPM 的系統上完成,比如 RHEL, CentOS, OEL, Fedora 等。
- Fedora 系統使用
dnf config-manager [options] [section …]
- 其它基於 RPM 的系統使用
yum-config-manager [options] [section …]
如何列出啟用的倉庫
只需運行以下命令即可檢查系統上啟用的倉庫列表。
對於 CentOS/RHEL/OLE 系統:
# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706
extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53
updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255
repolist: 8,014
對於 Fedora 系統:
# dnf repolist
如何在系統中添加一個新倉庫
每個倉庫通常都提供自己的 .repo
文件。要將此類倉庫添加到系統中,使用 root 用戶運行以下命令。在我們的例子中將添加 EPEL 倉庫 和 IUS 社區倉庫,見下文。
但是沒有 .repo
文件可用於這些倉庫。因此,我們使用以下方法進行安裝。
對於 EPEL 倉庫,因為它可以從 CentOS 額外倉庫獲得,所以運行以下命令來安裝它。
# yum install epel-release -y
對於 IUS 社區倉庫,運行以下 bash 腳本來安裝。
# curl 'https://setup.ius.io/' -o setup-ius.sh
# sh setup-ius.sh
如果你有 .repo
文件,在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 中,只需運行以下命令來添加一個倉庫。
# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager
adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo
grabbing file http://www.example.com/example.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo
example.repo | 413 B 00:00
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo
對於 Fedora 系統,運行以下命令來添加一個倉庫:
# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo
adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo
如果在添加這些倉庫之後運行 yum repolist
命令,你就可以看到新添加的倉庫了。Yes,我看到了。
注意:每當運行 yum repolist
命令時,該命令會自動從相應的倉庫獲取更新,並將緩存保存在本地系統中。
# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink | 6.1 kB 00:00
* epel: epel.mirror.constant.com
* ius: ius.mirror.constant.com
ius | 2.3 kB 00:00
repo id repo name status
base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505
extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53
ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390
updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255
repolist: 20,909
每個倉庫都有多個渠道,比如測試(Testing)、開發(Dev)和存檔(Archive)等。通過導航到倉庫文件位置,你可以更好地理解這一點。
# ls -lh /etc/yum.repos.d
total 64K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 647 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 May 18 11:07 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 892 May 18 10:36 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.2K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.9K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo.rpmnew
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 957 May 18 10:41 epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K Nov 4 2012 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-archive.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-dev.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 18 10:41 ius.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-testing.repo
如何在系統中啟用一個倉庫
當你在默認情況下添加一個新倉庫時,它將啟用它們的穩定倉庫,這就是為什麼我們在運行 yum repolist
命令時獲取了倉庫信息。在某些情況下,如果你希望啟用它們的測試、開發或存檔倉庫,使用以下命令。另外,我們還可以使用此命令啟用任何禁用的倉庫。
為了驗證這一點,我們將啟用 epel-testing.repo
,運行下面的命令:
# yum-config-manager --enable epel-testing
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing =====================================================================================
[epel-testing]
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6
baseurl =
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing
cost = 1000
enabled = 1
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
keepalive = True
mdpolicy = group:primary
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metalink =
mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
username =
運行 yum repolist
命令來檢查是否啟用了 「epel-testing」。它被啟用了,我可以從列表中看到它。
# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
epel/metalink | 18 kB 00:00
epel-testing/metalink | 17 kB 00:00
* epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
* epel-testing: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
* ius: mirror.team-cymru.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
centos-sclo-sclo | 2.9 kB 00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00
epel-testing | 4.7 kB 00:00
epel-testing/primary_db | 368 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
ius | 2.3 kB 00:00
ius/primary_db | 216 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 8.1 MB 00:00 ...
repo id repo name status
base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706
centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,509
epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 809
extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53
ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390
updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288
repolist: 22,250
如果你想同時啟用多個倉庫,使用以下格式。這個命令將啟用 epel、epel-testing 和 ius 倉庫:
# yum-config-manager --enable epel epel-testing ius
對於 Fedora 系統,運行下面的命令來啟用倉庫:
# dnf config-manager --set-enabled epel-testing
如何在系統中禁用一個倉庫
無論何時你在默認情況下添加一個新的倉庫,它都會啟用它們的穩定倉庫,這就是為什麼我們在運行 yum repolist
命令時獲取了倉庫信息。如果你不想使用倉庫,那麼可以通過下面的命令來禁用它。
為了驗證這點,我們將要禁用 epel-testing.repo
和 ius.repo
,運行以下命令:
# yum-config-manager --disable epel-testing ius
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing =====================================================================================
[epel-testing]
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6
baseurl =
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing
cost = 1000
enabled = 0
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
keepalive = True
mdpolicy = group:primary
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metalink =
mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
username =
========================================================================================= repo: ius =========================================================================================
[ius]
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6
baseurl =
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius
cost = 1000
enabled = 0
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
keepalive = True
mdpolicy = group:primary
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metalink =
mirrorlist = https://mirrors.iuscommunity.org/mirrorlist?repo=ius-centos6&arch=x86_64&protocol=http
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
username =
運行 yum repolist
命令檢查 「epel-testing」 和 「ius」 倉庫是否被禁用。它被禁用了,我不能看到那些倉庫,除了 「epel」。
# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
repo id repo name status
base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706
centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505
extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53
updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288
repolist: 21,051
或者,我們可以運行以下命令查看詳細信息:
# yum repolist all | grep "epel*|ius*"
* epel: mirror.steadfast.net
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 enabled: 12,509
epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-archive IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-archive-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-archive-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-dev IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-dev-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-dev-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-testing IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-testing-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-testing-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
對於 Fedora 系統,運行以下命令來啟用一個倉庫:
# dnf config-manager --set-disabled epel-testing
或者,可以通過手動編輯適當的 repo 文件來完成。為此,打開相應的 repo 文件並將值從 enabled=0
改為 enabled=1
(啟用倉庫)或從 enabled=1
變為 enabled=0
(禁用倉庫)。
即從:
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
改為:
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-enable-disable-a-repository-dnf-yum-config-manager-on-linux/
作者:Prakash Subramanian 選題:lujun9972 譯者:MjSeven 校對:wxy
本文轉載來自 Linux 中國: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive