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5 個去谷歌化的安卓操作系統

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讓你的智能手機擺脫谷歌和其他科技巨頭。

隨著谷歌和 Facebook 等廣告巨頭對你的個人和私密設備（如手機和平板電腦）的監控不斷增加，現在是時候處理這個問題了。

最有效的方法之一是安裝注重隱私/安全的安卓 ROM。

你可能想知道，為什麼要在你的手機上安裝一個與預裝系統不同的、基於安卓的操作系統。讓我給你幾個理由：

  • 你的手機製造商與 Facebook 等實體合作，在你的手機上預裝了各種應用程序，僅僅是卸載這些應用程序可能無法擺脫它們（當操作系統有新的更新時，它們往往會被重新安裝）。
  • 通常，安卓設備製造商會提供三到四年的更新。其中大部分僅限於各種奇怪的安全補丁，以及一些安卓系統的升級。使用定製 ROM，你可以通過接收更多更新來延長設備的使用壽命。
  • 由於這些現成的安卓 ROM 除了必要的東西外沒有捆綁任何東西，你的手機不會太臃腫，反應更敏捷。
  • 較少的預裝軟體也意味著在後台運行的服務較少，從而可提升性能並延長電池使用時間。
  • 大量的定製選項。
  • 容易回滾更新（因為以前的版本在 ROM 的網站上可以找到）。

警告

如果你決定在實際設備上使用這些操作系統之一，請小心。在你的設備上刷入任何第三方 ROM 將使其保修失效，如果操作不當，甚至可能使你的設備失去作用。安裝定製的 ROM 也需要一定的專業知識，即使如此，你也可能遇到問題，特別是如果你選擇的操作系統不支持該設備。對你的設備造成的任何損害，我們概不負責。

參考了上述重要信息之後，如果你仍想進行實驗，我們建議你始終在備用設備上進行嘗試。

除此之外，你還應該記住以下幾點：

  • 安裝自定義的安卓 ROM 可以增強開箱即用的安全性。但是，你必須確保自己採取了必要的措施。
  • 你手機的所有硬體功能可能在定製 ROM 上不工作。
  • 解鎖引導載入程序是一個必要步驟，但這樣做可能會帶來安全問題。

這個列表特別關注基於安卓的發行版和定製 ROM。我們有一個另外單獨的 開源移動操作系統 列表，包括 Ubuntu Touch 和 PureOS 等選項。

註：名單排名不分先後。你應該選擇更多地了解所提到的選項，並決定什麼最適合你。

1、LineageOS

Lineage OS 用戶界面的幾張截圖

LineageOS 可以說是最受歡迎的安卓 ROM 之一，它是非常流行的（但自 2016 年以來已經消亡]）的 CyanogenMod 的一個復刻。由於 LineageOS 很流行，你可能會發現很多設備支持該操作系統。

換句話說，與其他定製安卓 ROM 相比，你可以更快地獲得對新設備的支持，以及對各種舊設備的支持。

如果你有的話，LineageOS 甚至支持你的 Nvidia Shield 電視機和 Jetson Nano（用於 AI 和深度學習項目的最佳單板計算機 之一）。

優點

  • 優秀的官方和第三方文檔
  • 支持設備的及時更新
  • LineageOS 非常緊跟 AOSP 樹（適用於想要最原始安卓體驗的人）
  • 與原廠固件相比，「預裝軟體」更少。

缺點

  • LineageOS 項目是一個社區項目，所以並非你手機上所有的硬體功能都能開箱即用。
  • 沒有提供很多開箱即用的安全/隱私功能。

2、CalyxOS

CalyxOS 的主頁以及他們的用戶界面一瞥

CalyOS 是一個相當有趣的、基於 安卓開源項目（AOSP） 的安卓操作系統。CalyxOS 沒有提供谷歌移動服務（GMS），而是讓用戶自己去想辦法（可以刷入谷歌應用），但是它提供了 microG，你可以選擇啟用/禁用它，從而完全控制你的手機。

CalyxOS 得到了 Calyx Institute 的支持，這是一個非營利組織，旨在促進個人權利，如言論自由、隱私權等。

它內置了一些注重隱私的應用程序，如 Signal、Tor 瀏覽器等。儘管對 CalyxOS 的支持僅限於 Pixel 手機，但在大多數情況下，它為用戶提供了大量開箱即用的隱私功能，讓用戶具有領先優勢。

優點

  • 使用 microG。
  • 帶有 F-Droid 和 Aurora 商店 而不是谷歌應用商店。
  • Datura 防火牆允許你阻止每個應用程序的互聯網訪問。
  • 使用 Mozilla 定位服務 而不是谷歌的定位服務。
  • 每月一次的在線安全更新。
  • 經過驗證的啟動程序，以提高安全性。
  • 開箱即用的以安全為中心的應用程序和功能。

缺點

3、GrapheneOS

GrapheneOS 安裝在 Pixel 設備上的照片

GrapheneOS 是一個基於安卓的 ROM，專註於安全和隱私。雖然人們可能會爭論說，他們的努力更多的是為了提高安全性，但這樣做也有利於你的隱私。

如果你想安裝帶有開箱即用的、特殊安全調整過的定製 ROM，GrapheneOS 應該是一個不錯的選擇。

與其他一些定製 ROM 不同，它沒有包括啟用/禁用 microG 的功能，這恰好為依賴於 Google Play 服務的應用程序提供了更好的支持。但是，GrapheneOS 可以 對 Google Play 服務進行沙箱處理，這應該可以讓你使某些功能正常工作。但是，截至目前，它仍然是實驗性的。

優點

  • 提供比 AOSP 更強大、加固過的應用程序沙盒。
  • 使用自己 加固過的 malloc（具有加固了安全性的內存分配器）。
  • Linux 內核經過了加固，安全性更高。
  • 提供及時的安全更新。
  • 具備全盤加密功能（對移動設備來說非常重要）。
  • 不包括任何谷歌應用程序或谷歌服務。

缺點

  • 有限的硬體支持；僅適用於谷歌 Pixels。
  • 以安全為中心的調整可能不會轉化為對新手友好的用戶體驗。

4、/e/OS

看一下 /e/OS 中的應用啟動器，以及對 /e/OS 的應用商店評級的概述

你可能認為 /e/OS 只不過是又一個安卓操作系統，這 一定程度上 是對的。先別急著否定這個安卓 ROM。它遠超於任何現成的基於安卓的操作系統。

最大的特點是 eFoundation（在 /e/OS 背後的基金會）為你提供了一個免費的 ecould 賬戶（有 1GB 的存儲空間），而不需要使用谷歌賬戶。

像任何尊重隱私的安卓 ROM 一樣，/e/OS 將每一個與谷歌相關的模塊或應用都替換成了自由軟體替代品。

旁註：eFoundation 也銷售預裝了 /e/OS 的手機。請看這裡。

優點

  • /e/OS 上的應用程序商店根據需要的許可權以及對隱私的友好程度來對應用程序進行評級。
  • 提供了一個 ecloud 賬戶（帶有 @e.email 後綴；免費級提供 1GB）作為同步賬戶。
  • 配備了 microG 框架。
  • 谷歌 DNS 伺服器（8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4）被替換為 Quad9 的 DNS 伺服器。
  • DuckDuckGo 是替代谷歌的默認搜索引擎。
  • 使用由 Mozilla 提供的位置服務。

缺點

  • 設備兼容性非常有限。
  • 從安卓系統推出新功能需要一段時間。

5、CopperheadOS

CopperheadOS 網站上關於手機安全和隱私的標語

警告

這不是一個開源項目。列在這裡只是為感興趣的用戶提供的附加選項。

CopperheadOS 是另一個有趣的安卓 ROM。它是由一個只有兩個人的團隊開發的。

與其他選項不同，CopperheadOS 不是開源項目，你可能無法在你的手機上使用它。

它面向企業部署。因此，如果你想為你的員工購買安卓設備並調整安全性，那麼這值得考慮。

優點

  • 與其他安卓 ROM 文檔相比 更優良的文檔。
  • CopperheadOS 在 AOSP 之前就有許多面向安全的功能。
  • 使用 Cloudfare DNS（1.1.1.1 和 1.0.0.1）而不是谷歌的 DNS（8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4）。
  • 包括一個用於控制每個應用程序許可權的互聯網防火牆。
  • 使用開源應用程序，而不是過時的 AOSP 應用程序（日曆、簡訊、畫廊等）。
  • 包括 F-Droid 和 Aurora 應用商店。

缺點

  • 在主要的開發者出走之後，CopperheadOS 的安全性存在質疑 。
  • 僅適用於預裝 CopperheadOS 的手機。
  • 沒有跡象表明 SafetyNet 會在 CopperheadOS 上工作。

榮譽提名：LineageOS for microG

LineageOS for microG 中包含的應用程序列表

LineageOS for microG 項目是官方 LineageOS 項目的一個復刻，默認包含 microG 和谷歌應用。這個項目負責確保 microG 在你的手機上完美運行（這對初學者來說可能是一個複雜的過程）。

優點

  • 提供了 GMS 的 microG 實現，沒有任何不便之處。
  • 提供 F-Droid 作為默認的應用商店。
  • 提供每周/每月一次的在線更新。
  • 可以選擇使用由 Mozilla 或 Nominatim 提供的定位服務。

缺點

  • 啟用簽名欺騙以啟用 microG 支持，從安全形度來看，可能是一個攻擊方向。
  • 儘管這個 ROM 是基於 LineageOS 的，但在寫這篇文章時，並不是所有的 LineageOS 設備都支持。
  • 包括谷歌應用程序，而不是提供開源的替代品。
  • 無法確認谷歌的 SafetyNet 是否工作。

附加信息

你可能想知道為什麼一些有趣的基於安卓的 ROM（CalyxOS、GrapheneOS 等）只限於支持谷歌的手機。這不是很諷刺嗎？

嗯，這是因為大多數手機都支持解鎖引導器，但只有谷歌 Pixels 支持再次鎖定引導器。當你為關注隱私和/或安全的人群開發基於安卓的 ROM 時，這是一個考慮因素。如果啟動器被解鎖，它就是一個你尚未修補的攻擊方向。

另一個具有諷刺意味的原因是，只有谷歌才及時向公眾提供他們手機的設備樹和內核源代碼。如果沒有設備樹和內核源代碼，你就無法為該手機開發 ROM。

無論你選擇何種 ROM，我都會推薦以下 FOSS 應用程序。它們將被證明是對你的隱私友好應用程序工具包的一個很好的補充。

總結

在我看來，如果你有一部谷歌 Pixel 手機，我建議你嘗試一下 CalyxOS、GrapheneOS 或 CopperheadOS。這些安卓 ROM 有出色的功能，可以幫助你的手機遠離谷歌的監視，同時還可以讓你的手機（可以說是）更加安全。

如果你沒有谷歌 Pixel，你仍然可以嘗試一下 LineageOS for MicroG。這是一項很好的社區貢獻，在不侵犯你的隱私的情況下，它把谷歌的專有功能帶給大眾。

如果你的手機不被上述任何一個操作系統支持，那麼 LineageOS 就是你的朋友。由於它對手機的支持廣泛，毫無疑問，無論是官方還是非官方，你的手機都可以得到支持。

via: https://itsfoss.com/android-distributions-roms/

作者：Pratham Patel 選題：lujun9972 譯者：wxy 校對：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原創編譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出

本文轉載來自 Linux 中國: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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