在 Linux 命令行上使用 dict 文字工具
作为一个作家,我经常需要确定单词的正确拼写或定义。我还需要使用词库来寻找替代词,这些词的内涵可能与我可能使用的词有些不同。因为我经常使用 Linux 命令行和文本模式工具来完成我的大部分工作,所以使用命令行词典是有意义的。
我非常喜欢使用命令行,原因有很多,其中最主要的原因是它对我来说更有效率。它也比任何一本或多本实体纸质字典,都要全面得多。我使用 Linux 的 dict
命令已经很多年了,我已经开始依赖它了。
在 Linux 上安装 dict
dict
程序在 Fedora 上没有默认安装,但它很容易安装。以下是如何在 Fedora 或类似发行版上安装:
$ sudo dnf install dictd
在 Debian 和类似发行版上,你还必须安装字典定义:
$ sudo apt install dictd dict-gcide
不需要额外的配置。这个非常简单的 /usr/share/doc/dictd/dict1.conf
文件指定了字典数据库的远程服务器。这个工具使用字典服务器协议(DICT),端口为 2628。
在 Linux 上使用 dict
在终端会话中,以非 root 用户的身份,输入 dict <word>
来获取一个或多个字典和词库的定义列表。例如,以这种方式查找 memory
这个词。
$ dict memory | less
6 definitions found
From The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 [gcide]:
Memory Mem"o*ry, n.; pl. {Memories}. [OE. memorie, OF.
memoire, memorie, F. m['e]moire, L. memoria, fr. memor
mindful; cf. mora delay. Cf. {Demur}, {Martyr}, {Memoir},
{Remember}.]
[1913 Webster]
1. The faculty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge
of previous thoughts, impressions, or events.
[1913 Webster]
Memory is the purveyor of reason. --Rambler.
[1913 Webster]
2. The reach and positiveness with which a person can
remember; the strength and trustworthiness of one's power
to reach and represent or to recall the past; as, his
memory was never wrong.
[1913 Webster]
<SNIP>
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
memory
n 1: something that is remembered; "search as he would, the
memory was lost"
2: the cognitive processes whereby past experience is
remembered; "he can do it from memory"; "he enjoyed
remembering his father" [syn: {memory}, {remembering}]
3: the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had
<SNIP>
From Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0 [moby-thesaurus]:
78 Moby Thesaurus words for "memory":
RAM, anamnesis, anniversaries, archetypal pattern, archetype,
awareness, celebrating, celebration, ceremony, cognizance,
commemoration, consciousness, disk memory, dressing ship,
<SNIP>
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018) [foldoc]:
memory
<storage> These days, usually used synonymously with {Random
Access Memory} or {Read-Only Memory}, but in the general sense
it can be any device that can hold {data} in
{machine-readable} format.
(1996-05-25)
From Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856) [bouvier]:
MEMORY, TIME OF. According to the English common law, which has been altered
by 2 & 3 Wm. IV., c. 71, the time of memory commenced from the reign of
为了节省空间,我删去了这个结果的大部分内容,同时留下了足够的信息,以提供一个典型结果的概念。你也可以用双引号或单引号将多字短语括起来进行查询。
$ dict "air gapped"
字典
dict
命令使用一些在线字典,包括法律和技术字典。许多语言的字典也是可用的。你可以“列出”可用的字典数据库,如下面所示:
$ dict -D | less
Databases available:
gcide The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
wn WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006)
moby-thesaurus Moby Thesaurus II by Grady Ward, 1.0
elements The Elements (07Nov00)
vera V.E.R.A. -- Virtual Entity of Relevant Acronyms (February 2016)
jargon The Jargon File (version 4.4.7, 29 Dec 2003)
foldoc The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (30 December 2018)
easton Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary
hitchcock Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's)
bouvier Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
devil The Devil's Dictionary (1881-1906)
world02 CIA World Factbook 2002
gaz2k-counties U.S. Gazetteer Counties (2000)
gaz2k-places U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000)
gaz2k-zips U.S. Gazetteer Zip Code Tabulation Areas (2000)
fd-hrv-eng Croatian-English FreeDict Dictionary ver. 0.1.2
fd-fin-por suomi-português FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
fd-fin-bul suomi-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
fd-fra-bul français-български език FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
fd-deu-swe Deutsch-Svenska FreeDict+WikDict dictionary ver. 2018.09.13
<SNIP>
你可以用 -d
选项指定单个字典:
$ dict -d gcide
总结
有时使用词库中的词汇并不是最好的写作方法,因为它可能会混淆你的意思。但我确实发现 dict
命令在为特定的意思选择最好的词方面有极大的帮助。它还能确保我使用的单词拼写正确。
关于 dict 的信息很匮乏。 这个 URL http://www.dict.org/ 只提供了一个基于网络的字典界面。手册页涵盖了语法。但是这个命令是一个有用的、有趣的命令,可以随身携带。我承认在发现 dict
命令后,我花了很多时间尝试不同的东西,看看结果会是什么。我就是那个通读百科全书和字典的孩子。是的,我是_那个_孩子。除了在写作或阅读时是一个有用的工具外,dict
也可以是一个有趣的工具来满足一下好奇心。
via: https://opensource.com/article/23/2/linux-dict-command
作者:David Both 选题:lkxed 译者:geekpi 校对:wxy
本文转载来自 Linux 中国: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive