针对大型文件系统可以试试此 Bash 脚本
![](https://linuxstory.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/095140ntfm3vrzz7meyn2z.png)
你是否曾经想列出目录中的所有文件,但仅列出文件,而不列出其它的。仅列出目录呢?如果有这种需求的话,那么下面的脚本可能正是你一直在寻找的,它在 GPLv3 下开源。
当然,你可以使用 find
命令:
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -print
但这键入起来很麻烦,输出也不友好,并且缺少 ls
命令拥有的一些改进。你还可以结合使用 ls
和 grep
来达到相同的结果:
ls -F . | grep -v /
但是,这又有点笨拙。下面这个脚本提供了一种简单的替代方法。
用法
该脚本提供了四个主要功能,具体取决于你调用它的名称:lsf
列出文件,lsd
列出目录,lsx
列出可执行文件以及 lsl
列出链接。
通过符号链接无需安装该脚本的多个副本。这样可以节省空间并使脚本更新更容易。
该脚本通过使用 find
命令进行搜索,然后在找到的每个项目上运行 ls
。这样做的好处是,任何给脚本的参数都将传递给 ls
命令。因此,例如,这可以列出所有文件,甚至包括以点开头的文件:
lsf -a
要以长格式列出目录,请使用 lsd
命令:
lsd -l
你可以提供多个参数,以及文件和目录路径。
下面提供了当前目录的父目录和 /usr/bin
目录中所有文件的长分类列表:
lsf -F -l .. /usr/bin
目前该脚本不处理递归,仅列出当前目录中的文件。
lsf -R
该脚本不会深入子目录,这个不足有一天可能会进行修复。
内部
该脚本采用自上而下的方式编写,其初始化功能位于脚本的开头,而工作主体则接近结尾。脚本中只有两个真正重要的功能。函数 parse_args()
会仔细分析命令行,将选项与路径名分开,并处理脚本中的 ls
命令行选项中的特定选项。
list_things_in_dir()
函数以目录名作为参数并在其上运行 find
命令。找到的每个项目都传递给 ls
命令进行显示。
总结
这是一个可以完成简单功能的简单脚本。它节省了时间,并且在使用大型文件系统时可能会非常有用。
脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Script to list:
# directories (if called "lsd")
# files (if called "lsf")
# links (if called "lsl")
# or executables (if called "lsx")
# but not any other type of filesystem object.
# FIXME: add lsp (list pipes)
#
# Usage:
# <command_name> [switches valid for ls command] [dirname...]
#
# Works with names that includes spaces and that start with a hyphen.
#
# Created by Nick Clifton.
# Version 1.4
# Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Red Hat.
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
# option) any later version.
# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# ToDo:
# Handle recursion, eg: lsl -R
# Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
# Handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format and --ignore
main ()
{
init
parse_args ${1+"$@"}
list_objects
exit 0
}
report ()
{
echo $prog": " ${1+"$@"}
}
fail ()
{
report " Internal error: " ${1+"$@"}
exit 1
}
# Initialise global variables.
init ()
{
# Default to listing things in the current directory.
dirs[0]=".";
# num_dirs is the number of directories to be listed minus one.
# This is because we are indexing the dirs[] array from zero.
num_dirs=0;
# Default to ignoring things that start with a period.
no_dots=1
# Note - the global variables 'type' and 'opts' are initialised in
# parse_args function.
}
# Parse our command line
parse_args ()
{
local no_more_args
no_more_args=0 ;
prog=`basename $0` ;
# Decide if we are listing files or directories.
case $prog in
lsf | lsf.sh)
type=f
opts="";
;;
lsd | lsd.sh)
type=d
# The -d switch to "ls" is presumed when listing directories.
opts="-d";
;;
lsl | lsl.sh)
type=l
# Use -d to prevent the listed links from being followed.
opts="-d";
;;
lsx | lsx.sh)
type=f
find_extras="-perm /111"
;;
*)
fail "Unrecognised program name: '$prog', expected either 'lsd', 'lsf', 'lsl' or 'lsx'"
;;
esac
# Locate any additional command line switches for ls and accumulate them.
# Likewise accumulate non-switches to the directories list.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
# FIXME: Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
# FIXME: Properly handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format
# FIXME: and --ignore
# FIXME: Properly handle --recursive
-a | -A | --all | --almost-all)
no_dots=0;
;;
--version)
report "version 1.2"
exit 0
;;
--help)
case $type in
d) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only directories" ;;
l) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only links" ;;
f) if [ "x$find_extras" = "x" ] ; then
report "a version of 'ls' that lists only files" ;
else
report "a version of 'ls' that lists only executables";
fi ;;
esac
exit 0
;;
--)
# A switch to say that all further items on the command line are
# arguments and not switches.
no_more_args=1 ;
;;
-*)
if [ "x$no_more_args" = "x1" ] ;
then
dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
let "num_dirs++"
else
# Check for a switch that just uses a single dash, not a double
# dash. This could actually be multiple switches combined into
# one word, eg "lsd -alF". In this case, scan for the -a switch.
# XXX: FIXME: The use of =~ requires bash v3.0+.
if [[ "x${1:1:1}" != "x-" && "x$1" =~ "x-.*a.*" ]] ;
then
no_dots=0;
fi
opts="$opts $1";
fi
;;
*)
dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
let "num_dirs++"
;;
esac
shift
done
# Remember that we are counting from zero not one.
if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ] ;
then
let "num_dirs--"
fi
}
list_things_in_dir ()
{
local dir
# Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
if test "x$1" = "x" ;
then
fail "list_things_in_dir called without an argument"
fi
if test "x$2" != "x" ;
then
fail "list_things_in_dir called with too many arguments"
fi
# Use quotes when accessing $dir in order to preserve
# any spaces that might be in the directory name.
dir="${dirs[$1]}";
# Catch directory names that start with a dash - they
# confuse pushd.
if test "x${dir:0:1}" = "x-" ;
then
dir="./$dir"
fi
if [ -d "$dir" ]
then
if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ]
then
echo " $dir:"
fi
# Use pushd rather passing the directory name to find so that the
# names that find passes on to xargs do not have any paths prepended.
pushd "$dir" > /dev/null
if [ $no_dots -ne 0 ] ; then
find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -not -name ".*" -printf "%f 00"
| xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
else
find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -printf "%f 00"
| xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
fi
popd > /dev/null
else
report "directory '$dir' could not be found"
fi
}
list_objects ()
{
local i
i=0;
while [ $i -le $num_dirs ]
do
list_things_in_dir i
let "i++"
done
}
# Invoke main
main ${1+"$@"}
via: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/script-large-files
作者:Nick Clifton 选题:lujun9972 译者:wxy 校对:wxy
本文转载来自 Linux 中国: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive