TLP：一个可以延长 Linux 笔记本电池寿命的高级电源管理工具

笔记本电池是针对 Windows 操作系统进行了高度优化的，当我在笔记本电脑中使用 Windows 操作系统时，我已经意识到这一点，但对于 Linux 来说却不一样。

多年来，Linux 在电池优化方面取得了很大进步，但我们仍然需要做一些必要的事情来改善 Linux 中笔记本电脑的电池寿命。

当我考虑延长电池寿命时，我没有多少选择，但我觉得 TLP 对我来说是一个更好的解决方案，所以我会继续使用它。

在本教程中，我们将详细讨论 TLP 以延长电池寿命。

我们之前在我们的网站上写过三篇关于 Linux 笔记本电池节电工具的文章：PowerTOP 和电池充电状态。

TLP

TLP 是一款自由开源的高级电源管理工具，可在不进行任何配置更改的情况下延长电池寿命。

由于它的默认配置已针对电池寿命进行了优化，因此你可能只需要安装，然后就忘记它吧。

此外，它可以高度定制化，以满足你的特定要求。TLP 是一个具有自动后台任务的纯命令行工具。它不包含GUI。

TLP 适用于各种品牌的笔记本电脑。设置电池充电阈值仅适用于 IBM/Lenovo ThinkPad。

所有 TLP 设置都存储在 /etc/default/tlp 中。其默认配置提供了开箱即用的优化的节能设置。

以下 TLP 设置可用于自定义，如果需要，你可以相应地进行必要的更改。

TLP 功能

内核笔记本电脑模式和脏缓冲区超时
处理器频率调整，包括 “turbo boost”/“turbo core”
限制最大/最小的 P 状态以控制 CPU 的功耗
HWP 能源性能提示
用于多核/超线程的功率感知进程调度程序
处理器性能与节能策略（x86_energy_perf_policy）
硬盘高级电源管理级别（APM）和降速超时（按磁盘）
AHCI 链路电源管理（ALPM）与设备黑名单
PCIe 活动状态电源管理（PCIe ASPM）
PCI(e) 总线设备的运行时电源管理
Radeon 图形电源管理（KMS 和 DPM）
Wifi 省电模式
关闭驱动器托架中的光盘驱动器
音频省电模式
I/O 调度程序（按磁盘）
USB 自动暂停，支持设备黑名单/白名单（输入设备自动排除）
在系统启动和关闭时启用或禁用集成的 wifi、蓝牙或 wwan 设备
在系统启动时恢复无线电设备状态（从之前的关机时的状态）
无线电设备向导：在网络连接/断开和停靠/取消停靠时切换无线电
禁用 LAN 唤醒
挂起/休眠后恢复集成的 WWAN 和蓝牙状态
英特尔处理器的动态电源降低 —— 需要内核和 PHC-Patch 支持
电池充电阈值 —— 仅限 ThinkPad
重新校准电池 —— 仅限 ThinkPad

如何在 Linux 上安装 TLP

TLP 包在大多数发行版官方存储库中都可用，因此，使用发行版的包管理器来安装它。

对于 Fedora 系统，使用 DNF 命令安装 TLP。

$ sudo dnf install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

$ sudo dnf install https://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
$ sudo dnf install http://repo.linrunner.de/fedora/tlp/repos/releases/tlp-release.fc$(rpm -E %fedora).noarch.rpm
$ sudo dnf install akmod-tp_smapi akmod-acpi_call kernel-devel

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo dnf install smartmontools

对于 Debian/Ubuntu 系统，使用 APT-GET 命令或 APT 命令安装 TLP。

$ sudo apt install tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

$ sudo apt-get install tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-dkms

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

当基于 Ubuntu 的系统的官方软件包过时时，请使用以下 PPA 存储库，该存储库提供最新版本。运行以下命令以使用 PPA 安装 TLP。

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linrunner/tlp
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install tlp

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，使用 Pacman 命令安装 TLP。

$ sudo pacman -S tlp tlp-rdw

ThinkPad 需要一些附加软件包。

$ pacman -S tp_smapi acpi_call

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo pacman -S smartmontools

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，在启动时启用 TLP 和 TLP-Sleep 服务。

$ sudo systemctl enable tlp.service
$ sudo systemctl enable tlp-sleep.service

对于基于 Arch Linux 的系统，你还应该屏蔽以下服务以避免冲突，并确保 TLP 的无线电设备切换选项的正确操作。

$ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.service
$ sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.socket

对于 RHEL/CentOS 系统，使用 YUM 命令安装 TLP。

$ sudo yum install tlp tlp-rdw

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo yum install smartmontools

对于 openSUSE Leap 系统，使用 Zypper 命令安装 TLP。

$ sudo zypper install TLP

安装 smartmontool 以显示 tlp-stat 中 S.M.A.R.T. 数据。

$ sudo zypper install smartmontools

成功安装 TLP 后，使用以下命令启动服务。

$ systemctl start tlp.service

使用方法

显示电池信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -b
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --battery

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Battery Status
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer                   = SMP
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name                     = L14M4P23
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count                    = (not supported)
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design             =  60000 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full                    =  48850 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now                     =  48850 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now                      =      0 [mW]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status                         = Full

Charge                                                      =  100.0 [%]
Capacity                                                    =   81.4 [%]

显示磁盘信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -d
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --disk

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Storage Devices
/dev/sda:
  Model     = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1                    
  Firmware  = 02.01A02
  APM Level = 128
  Status    = active/idle
  Scheduler = mq-deadline

  Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)

  SMART info:
      4 Start_Stop_Count          =    18787 
      5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct     =        0 
      9 Power_On_Hours            =      606 [h]
     12 Power_Cycle_Count         =     1792 
    193 Load_Cycle_Count          =    25775 
    194 Temperature_Celsius       =       31    [°C]

+++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)
/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm
/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm
/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm
/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy  = med_power_with_dipm

+++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on

显示 PCI 设备信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -e
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --pcie

$ sudo tlp-stat -e
or
$ sudo tlp-stat --pcie

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Runtime Power Management
Device blacklist = (not configured)
Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport

/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:14.0/power/control = auto (0x0c0330, USB controller, xhci_hcd)

......

显示图形卡信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -g
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --graphics

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Intel Graphics
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc        = -1 (use per-chip default)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc       =  1 (enabled)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr       =  0 (disabled)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset          = -1 (use per-chip default)

显示处理器信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -p
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --processor

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Processor
CPU model      = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver    = intel_pstate
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor  = powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_min_freq  =   800000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq  =  3500000 [kHz]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_preference = balance_power
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/energy_performance_available_preferences = default performance balance_performance balance_power power 

......

/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct      =  22 [%]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct      = 100 [%]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo          =   0
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct         =  33 [%]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates       =  28

x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed.

/sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient       = Y
/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog                          = 0

+++ Undervolting
PHC kernel not available.

显示系统数据信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -s
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --system

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ System Info
System         = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NV
BIOS           = CDCN35WW
Release        = "Manjaro Linux"
Kernel         = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64
/proc/cmdline  = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b
Init system    = systemd 
Boot mode      = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)

+++ TLP Status
State          = enabled
Last run       = 11:04:00  IST,    596 sec(s) ago
Mode           = battery
Power source   = battery

显示温度和风扇速度信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -t
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --temp

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Temperatures
CPU temp               =    36 [°C]
Fan speed              = (not available)

显示 USB 设备数据信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -u
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --usb

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ USB
Autosuspend         = disabled
Device whitelist    = (not configured)
Device blacklist    = (not configured)
Bluetooth blacklist = disabled
Phone blacklist     = disabled
WWAN blacklist      = enabled

Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms =     0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms =  2000 -- Syntek  (uvcvideo)

......

显示警告信息

$ sudo tlp-stat -w
或
$ sudo tlp-stat --warn

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
No warnings detected.

状态报告及配置和所有活动的设置

$ sudo tlp-stat

--- TLP 1.1 -----------------------------------------
+++ Configured Settings: /etc/default/tlp
TLP_ENABLE=1
TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=AC
TLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0
DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0
DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2
MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15
MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60

......

+++ System Info
System = LENOVO Lenovo ideapad Y700-15ISK 80NV
BIOS = CDCN35WW
Release = "Manjaro Linux"
Kernel = 4.19.6-1-MANJARO #1 SMP PREEMPT Sat Dec 1 12:21:26 UTC 2018 x86_64
/proc/cmdline = BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=UUID=69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f rw quiet resume=UUID=a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b
Init system = systemd
Boot mode = BIOS (CSM, Legacy)

+++ TLP Status
State = enabled
Last run = 11:04:00 IST, 684 sec(s) ago
Mode = battery
Power source = battery

+++ Processor
CPU model = Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz

/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_driver = intel_pstate
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor = powersave
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors = performance powersave

......

/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/min_perf_pct = 22 [%]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/max_perf_pct = 100 [%]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/no_turbo = 0
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/turbo_pct = 33 [%]
/sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/num_pstates = 28

x86_energy_perf_policy: program not installed.

/sys/module/workqueue/parameters/power_efficient = Y
/proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog = 0

+++ Undervolting
PHC kernel not available.

+++ Temperatures
CPU temp = 42 [°C]
Fan speed = (not available)

+++ File System
/proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode = 2
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs = 6000
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs = 6000
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio = 20
/proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio = 10

+++ Storage Devices
/dev/sda:
 Model = WDC WD10SPCX-24HWST1
 Firmware = 02.01A02
 APM Level = 128
 Status = active/idle
 Scheduler = mq-deadline

 Runtime PM: control = on, autosuspend_delay = (not available)

 SMART info:
 4 Start_Stop_Count = 18787
 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct = 0
 9 Power_On_Hours = 606 [h]
 12 Power_Cycle_Count = 1792
 193 Load_Cycle_Count = 25777
 194 Temperature_Celsius = 31 [°C]

+++ AHCI Link Power Management (ALPM)
/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
/sys/class/scsi_host/host1/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
/sys/class/scsi_host/host2/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm
/sys/class/scsi_host/host3/link_power_management_policy = med_power_with_dipm

+++ AHCI Host Controller Runtime Power Management
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata1/power/control = on
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata2/power/control = on
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata3/power/control = on
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:17.0/ata4/power/control = on

+++ PCIe Active State Power Management
/sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy = powersave

+++ Intel Graphics
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_dc = -1 (use per-chip default)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_fbc = 1 (enabled)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/enable_psr = 0 (disabled)
/sys/module/i915/parameters/modeset = -1 (use per-chip default)

+++ Wireless
bluetooth = on
wifi = on
wwan = none (no device)

hci0(btusb) : bluetooth, not connected
wlp8s0(iwlwifi) : wifi, connected, power management = on

+++ Audio
/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save = 1
/sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save_controller = Y

+++ Runtime Power Management
Device blacklist = (not configured)
Driver blacklist = amdgpu nouveau nvidia radeon pcieport

/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:00.0/power/control = auto (0x060000, Host bridge, skl_uncore)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:01.0/power/control = auto (0x060400, PCI bridge, pcieport)
/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:02.0/power/control = auto (0x030000, VGA compatible controller, i915)

......

+++ USB
Autosuspend = disabled
Device whitelist = (not configured)
Device blacklist = (not configured)
Bluetooth blacklist = disabled
Phone blacklist = disabled
WWAN blacklist = enabled

Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0003 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub (hub)
Bus 001 Device 003 ID 174f:14e8 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Syntek (uvcvideo)
Bus 001 Device 002 ID 17ef:6053 control = on, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Lenovo (usbhid)
Bus 001 Device 004 ID 8087:0a2b control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 2000 -- Intel Corp. (btusb)
Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b:0002 control = auto, autosuspend_delay_ms = 0 -- Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub (hub)

+++ Battery Status
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/manufacturer = SMP
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/model_name = L14M4P23
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/cycle_count = (not supported)
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full_design = 60000 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_full = 51690 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/energy_now = 50140 [mWh]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/power_now = 12185 [mW]
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/status = Discharging

Charge = 97.0 [%]
Capacity = 86.2 [%]

via: https://www.2daygeek.com/tlp-increase-optimize-linux-laptop-battery-life/

作者：Magesh Maruthamuthu 选题：lujun9972 译者：wxy 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国荣誉推出

本文转载来自 Linux 中国: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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Rain

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TLP

TLP 功能

如何在 Linux 上安装 TLP

使用方法

显示电池信息

显示磁盘信息

显示 PCI 设备信息

显示图形卡信息

显示处理器信息

显示系统数据信息

显示温度和风扇速度信息

显示 USB 设备数据信息

显示警告信息

状态报告及配置和所有活动的设置

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