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Mercurial 版本控制入门

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Mercurial 是一个用 Python 编写的分布式版本控制系统。因为它是用高级语言编写的，所以你可以用 Python 函数编写一个 Mercurial 扩展。

在官方文档中说明了几种安装 Mercurial 的方法。我最喜欢的一种方法不在里面：使用 pip。这是开发本地扩展的最合适方式！

目前，Mercurial 仅支持 Python 2.7，因此你需要创建一个 Python 2.7 虚拟环境：

python2 -m virtualenv mercurial-env
./mercurial-env/bin/pip install mercurial

为了让命令简短一些，以及满足人们对化学幽默的渴望，该命令称之为 hg。

$ source mercurial-env/bin/activate
(mercurial-env)$ mkdir test-dir
(mercurial-env)$ cd test-dir
(mercurial-env)$ hg init
(mercurial-env)$ hg status
(mercurial-env)$

由于还没有任何文件，因此状态为空。添加几个文件：

(mercurial-env)$ echo 1 > one
(mercurial-env)$ echo 2 > two
(mercurial-env)$ hg status
? one
? two
(mercurial-env)$ hg addremove
adding one
adding two
(mercurial-env)$ hg commit -m 'Adding stuff'
(mercurial-env)$ hg log
changeset: 0:1f1befb5d1e9
tag: tip
user: Moshe Zadka <[moshez@zadka.club][4]>
date: Fri Mar 29 12:42:43 2019 -0700
summary: Adding stuff

addremove 命令很有用：它将任何未被忽略的新文件添加到托管文件列表中，并移除任何已删除的文件。

如我所说，Mercurial 扩展用 Python 写成，它们只是常规的 Python 模块。

这是一个简短的 Mercurial 扩展示例：

from mercurial import registrar
from mercurial.i18n import _

cmdtable = {}
command = registrar.command(cmdtable)

@command(&apos;say-hello&apos;,
[(&apos;w&apos;, &apos;whom&apos;, &apos;&apos;, _(&apos;Whom to greet&apos;))])
def say_hello(ui, repo, `opts):
ui.write("hello ", opts[&apos;whom&apos;], "n")

简单的测试方法是将它手动加入虚拟环境中的文件中：

`$ vi ../mercurial-env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/hello_ext.py`

然后你需要启用扩展。你可以仅在当前仓库中启用它：

$ cat >> .hg/hgrc
[extensions]
hello_ext =

现在，问候有了：

(mercurial-env)$ hg say-hello --whom world
hello world

大多数扩展会做更多有用的东西，甚至可能与 Mercurial 有关。 repo 对象是 mercurial.hg.repository 的对象。

有关 Mercurial API 的更多信息，请参阅官方文档。并访问官方仓库获取更多示例和灵感。

via: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/getting-started-mercurial

作者：Moshe Zadka 选题：lujun9972 译者：geekpi 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国 荣誉推出

本文转载来自 Linux 中国: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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