在不重启的情况下为 Vmware Linux 客户机添加新硬盘
你可以显式的添加或删除一个 SCSI 设备,或者重新扫描整个 SCSI 总线而不用重启 Linux 虚拟机。本指南在 Vmware Server 和 Vmware Workstation v6.0 中通过测试(更老版本应该也支持)。所有命令在 RHEL、Fedora、CentOS 和 Ubuntu Linux 客户机 / 主机操作系统下都经过了测试。
步骤 1:添加新硬盘到虚拟客户机
首先,通过 vmware 硬件设置菜单添加硬盘。点击 “VM > Settings”
![Fig.01:Vmware Virtual Machine Settings ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122035dmz16c9xw7zq5pop.png "Vmware Virtual Machine Settings ")
或者你也可以按下 CTRL + D
也能进入设置对话框。
点击 “Add” 添加新硬盘到客户机:
![Fig.02:VMWare adding a new hardware](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122036hqxxqf7bpdzdmtlq.png "VMWare adding a new hardware")
选择硬件类型为“Hard disk”然后点击 “Next”:
![Fig.03 VMware Adding a new disk wizard ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122036syhd15qkadidm3vf.png "VMware Adding a new disk wizard ")
选择 “create a new virtual disk” 然后点击 “Next”:
![Fig.04:Vmware Wizard Disk ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122037rhmzlwp8mzh3pctp.png "Vmware Wizard Disk ")
设置虚拟磁盘类型为 “SCSI” ,然后点击 “Next”:
![Fig.05:Vmware Virtual Disk](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122038vhihh9n4zxjhj7i9.png "Vmware Virtual Disk")
按需要设置最大磁盘大小,然后点击 “Next”
![Fig.06:Finalizing Disk Virtual Addition ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122039rjp1pgef9mrrqxoz.png "Finalizing Disk Virtual Addition")
最后,选择文件存放位置然后点击 “Finish”。
步骤 2:重新扫描 SCSI 总线,在不重启虚拟机的情况下添加 SCSI 设备
输入下面命令重新扫描 SCSI 总线:
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host# /scan
fdisk -l
tail -f /var/log/message
输出为:
![Linux Vmware Rescan New Scsi Disk Without Reboot](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122039n8dmdsdt341k4ba7.png "Linux Vmware Rescan New Scsi Disk Without Reboot")
你需要将 host#
替换成真实的值,比如 host0
。你可以通过下面命令来查出这个值:
# ls /sys/class/scsi_host
输出:
host0
然后输入下面过命令来请求重新扫描:
echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
fdisk -l
tail -f /var/log/message
输出为:
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: Beginning Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: Domain Validation skipping write tests
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: Ending Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: FAST-40 WIDE SCSI 80.0 MB/s ST (25 ns, offset 127)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdb: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdb: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: unknown partition table
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi disk sdb
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: Beginning Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: Domain Validation skipping write tests
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: Ending Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: FAST-40 WIDE SCSI 80.0 MB/s ST (25 ns, offset 127)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdc: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdc: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: unknown partition table
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:2:0: Attached scsi disk sdc
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:2:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
如何删除 /dev/sdc 这块设备?
除了重新扫描整个总线外,你也可以使用下面命令添加或删除指定磁盘:
# echo 1 > /sys/block/devName/device/delete
# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdc/device/delete
如何添加 /dev/sdc 这块设备?
使用下面语法添加指定设备:
# echo "scsi add-single-device <H> <B> <T> <L>" > /proc/scsi/scsi
这里,
- :主机
- :总线(通道)
- :目标 (Id)
- :LUN 号
例如。使用参数 host#0
,bus#0
,target#2
,以及 LUN#0
来添加 /dev/sdc
,则输入:
# echo "scsi add-single-device 0 0 2 0">/proc/scsi/scsi
# fdisk -l
# cat /proc/scsi/scsi
结果输出:
Attached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00
Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 02 Lun: 00
Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
步骤 #3:格式化新磁盘
现在使用 fdisk 并通过 mkfs.ext3 命令创建分区:
# fdisk /dev/sdc
### [if you want ext3 fs] ###
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc3
### [if you want ext4 fs] ###
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc3
步骤 #4:创建挂载点并更新 /etc/fstab
# mkdir /disk3
打开 /etc/fstab
文件,输入:
# vi /etc/fstab
加入下面这行:
/dev/sdc3 /disk3 ext3 defaults 1 2
若是 ext4 文件系统则加入:
/dev/sdc3 /disk3 ext4 defaults 1 2
保存并关闭文件。
可选操作:为分区加标签
你可以使用 e2label 命令为分区加标签 。假设,你想要为 /backupDisk
这块新分区加标签,则输入:
# e2label /dev/sdc1 /backupDisk
详情参见 "Linux 分区的重要性 。
关于作者
作者是 nixCraft 的创始人,也是一名经验丰富的系统管理员,还是 Linux 操作系统 /Unix shell 脚本培训师。他曾服务过全球客户并与多个行业合作过,包括 IT,教育,国防和空间研究,以及非盈利机构。你可以在 Twitter,Facebook,Google+ 上关注他。
via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/vmware-add-a-new-hard-disk-without-rebooting-guest.html
作者:Vivek Gite 译者:lujun9972 校对:wxy
本文转载来自 Linux 中国: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive