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在不重启的情况下为 Vmware Linux 客户机添加新硬盘

你可以显式的添加或删除一个 SCSI 设备,或者重新扫描整个 SCSI 总线而不用重启 Linux 虚拟机。本指南在 Vmware Server 和 Vmware Workstation v6.0 中通过测试(更老版本应该也支持)。所有命令在 RHEL、Fedora、CentOS 和 Ubuntu Linux 客户机 / 主机操作系统下都经过了测试。

步骤 1:添加新硬盘到虚拟客户机

首先,通过 vmware 硬件设置菜单添加硬盘。点击 “VM > Settings”

![Fig.01:Vmware Virtual Machine Settings ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122035dmz16c9xw7zq5pop.png "Vmware Virtual Machine Settings ")

或者你也可以按下 CTRL + D 也能进入设置对话框。

点击 “Add” 添加新硬盘到客户机:

![Fig.02:VMWare adding a new hardware](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122036hqxxqf7bpdzdmtlq.png "VMWare adding a new hardware")

选择硬件类型为“Hard disk”然后点击 “Next”:

![Fig.03 VMware Adding a new disk wizard ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122036syhd15qkadidm3vf.png "VMware Adding a new disk wizard ")

选择 “create a new virtual disk” 然后点击 “Next”:

![Fig.04:Vmware Wizard Disk ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122037rhmzlwp8mzh3pctp.png "Vmware Wizard Disk ")

设置虚拟磁盘类型为 “SCSI” ,然后点击 “Next”:

![Fig.05:Vmware Virtual Disk](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122038vhihh9n4zxjhj7i9.png "Vmware Virtual Disk")

按需要设置最大磁盘大小,然后点击 “Next”

![Fig.06:Finalizing Disk Virtual Addition ](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122039rjp1pgef9mrrqxoz.png "Finalizing Disk Virtual Addition")

最后,选择文件存放位置然后点击 “Finish”。

步骤 2:重新扫描 SCSI 总线,在不重启虚拟机的情况下添加 SCSI 设备

输入下面命令重新扫描 SCSI 总线:

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host# /scan
fdisk -l
tail -f /var/log/message

输出为:

![Linux Vmware Rescan New Scsi Disk Without Reboot](/data/attachment/album/201801/13/122039n8dmdsdt341k4ba7.png "Linux Vmware Rescan New Scsi Disk Without Reboot")

你需要将 host# 替换成真实的值,比如 host0。你可以通过下面命令来查出这个值:

# ls /sys/class/scsi_host

输出:

host0

然后输入下面过命令来请求重新扫描:

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
fdisk -l
tail -f /var/log/message

输出为:

Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: Beginning Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: Domain Validation skipping write tests
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: Ending Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:1: FAST-40 WIDE SCSI 80.0 MB/s ST (25 ns, offset 127)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdb: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdb: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdb: unknown partition table
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi disk sdb
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:1:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: Beginning Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: Domain Validation skipping write tests
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: Ending Domain Validation
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: target0:0:2: FAST-40 WIDE SCSI 80.0 MB/s ST (25 ns, offset 127)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdc: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: SCSI device sdc: 2097152 512-byte hdwr sectors (1074 MB)
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: Write Protect is off
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: cache data unavailable
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: assuming drive cache: write through
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sdc: unknown partition table
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:2:0: Attached scsi disk sdc
Jul 18 16:29:39 localhost kernel: sd 0:0:2:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0

如何删除 /dev/sdc 这块设备?

除了重新扫描整个总线外,你也可以使用下面命令添加或删除指定磁盘:

# echo 1 > /sys/block/devName/device/delete
# echo 1 > /sys/block/sdc/device/delete

如何添加 /dev/sdc 这块设备?

使用下面语法添加指定设备:

# echo "scsi add-single-device <H> <B> <T> <L>" > /proc/scsi/scsi

这里,

  • :主机
  • :总线(通道)
  • :目标 (Id)
  • :LUN 号

例如。使用参数 host#0bus#0target#2,以及 LUN#0 来添加 /dev/sdc,则输入:

# echo "scsi add-single-device 0 0 2 0">/proc/scsi/scsi
# fdisk -l
# cat /proc/scsi/scsi

结果输出:

Attached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
 Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00
 Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 02 Lun: 00
 Vendor: VMware, Model: VMware Virtual S Rev: 1.0
 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02

步骤 #3:格式化新磁盘

现在使用 fdisk 并通过 mkfs.ext3 命令创建分区:

# fdisk /dev/sdc
### [if you want ext3 fs] ###
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc3
### [if you want ext4 fs] ###
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc3

步骤 #4:创建挂载点并更新 /etc/fstab

# mkdir /disk3

打开 /etc/fstab 文件,输入:

# vi /etc/fstab

加入下面这行:

/dev/sdc3 /disk3 ext3 defaults 1 2

若是 ext4 文件系统则加入:

/dev/sdc3 /disk3 ext4 defaults 1 2

保存并关闭文件。

可选操作:为分区加标签

你可以使用 e2label 命令为分区加标签 。假设,你想要为 /backupDisk 这块新分区加标签,则输入:

# e2label /dev/sdc1 /backupDisk

详情参见 "Linux 分区的重要性

关于作者

作者是 nixCraft 的创始人,也是一名经验丰富的系统管理员,还是 Linux 操作系统 /Unix shell 脚本培训师。他曾服务过全球客户并与多个行业合作过,包括 IT,教育,国防和空间研究,以及非盈利机构。你可以在 TwitterFacebookGoogle+ 上关注他。

via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/vmware-add-a-new-hard-disk-without-rebooting-guest.html

作者:Vivek Gite 译者:lujun9972 校对:wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创编译,Linux中国 荣誉推出


本文转载来自 Linux 中国: https://github.com/Linux-CN/archive

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